John James Ingalls (1833-1900), American politician and author. Ingalls was born in Middleton, Massachusetts. Educated in his childhood by tutors, he graduated from Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, in 1855. Ingalls was admitted to the bar in 1857 after studying law in a Middleton law office. In 1858 Ingalls moved to Atchison, Kansas, and in 1862 was elected state senator. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), he served as judge advocate in the Kansas forces. From 1863 to 1865 Ingalls was editor in chief of the Atchison-based weekly newspaper Freedom's Champion. After losing a bid to be the Republican Party nominee for lieutenant governor in 1862, Ingalls accepted the Union Party nomination for the same office, only to be defeated in the general election. In 1864 he ran for lieutenant governor again on the Union ticket, but was defeated again. In 1873 Ingalls was elected to the United States Senate, and was reelected in 1879 and 1885. Because of his endorsement of the agrarian movement of the People's Party and his appeal to sectional hates and jealousies, he lost the election of 1891. Ingalls abandoned politics, lecturing and writing instead. He wrote Edmund Ingalls (1628-1629) and Some of His Descendants (1881). Ingalls also edited L. S. Cushing's Manual of Parliamentary Practice (1895).