Limpopo Province, province in northern South Africa, bounded on the north by the Limpopo River and Zimbabwe, on the east by Mozambique, on the west by Botswana, and on the south by North-West, Gauteng, and Mpumalanga provinces. Created in 1994 with the name Northern Province, it was renamed Limpopo Province in 2003. The province covers 123,910 sq km (47,842 sq mi) and includes part of Transvaal (one of the four former South African provinces) and two former bantustans (or black homelands), Venda and Lebowa.

Limpopo Province has several mountainous areas. The Waterberge, Strydpoortberge, and Drakensberg ranges are found in the south and the Soutpansberg mountain range is located in the north. Savannas, or open grasslands, cover most of the western part of the province, while the north is a subtropical zone containing plains scattered with baobab trees. The average temperatures in Limpopo Province range from 17° to 27° C (62° to 81° F) in the summer and from 4° to 20° C (40° to 68° F) in the winter. Average annual rainfall totals about 300 mm (about 12 in), with most of it falling in the summer months, between November and March.

The population of Limpopo Province is 5,635,000 (2005 estimate). The majority of the population are black Africans, who speak a variety of languages, including Sesotho sa Leboa (also known as Northern Sotho or Pedi), Shangaan, Venda, Ndebele, siSwati, Zulu, and Tsonga. English and Afrikaans are also spoken. The provincial capital is Pietersburg. Other important towns include Louis Trichardt, Messina, Phalaborwa, Potgietersrus, and Warmbaths (noted for its mineral springs). The province has two universities, the University of the North (founded in 1959), near Pietersburg, and the University of Venda (1981).

Significant historical and cultural sites include: Mapungubwe, an early Iron Age settlement; the headquarters of the Zion Christian Church, a large African denomination, at Zion City in the town of Moria; Makapansgat and Moorddrif, sites of clashes between the Pedi people and Afrikaner soldiers in 1854; the home of the Rain Queen, the queen of the Lovedu people, near Duiwelskloof; and the Bakone Malapa Open-Air Museum near Pietersburg. The northern section of Kruger National Park, one of the world's largest game reserves, lies along the border with Mozambique in the eastern part of the province.

The mainstay of Limpopo Province's economy is agriculture. Plantation agriculture in the northern region produces oranges, bananas, avocados, mangoes, papaws, guavas, and litchi nuts. The area around Nylstroom and Warmbaths in the south produces table grapes, corn, cotton, peanuts, and sunflowers. The western region of the province is primarily used for cattle ranches. Limpopo Province is also rich in minerals, including copper, asbestos, phosphite, coal, iron ore, and platinum. Major copper mines operate in Messina and Phalaborwa.

Limpopo Province's provincial government consists of a premier, an executive council of ten ministers, and a legislature. The provincial assembly and premier are elected for five-year terms, or until the next national election. Political parties are awarded assembly seats on the basis of the percentage of votes each party receives in the province during the national elections. The assembly elects a premier, who then appoints the members of the executive council.