Bayamo, city in southeastern Cuba, capital of Granma Province, on the Bayamo River. It is a leading transportation, manufacturing, and commercial center. Copper and manganese are mined here; other industries are food processing, tanning, and tobacco processing. The 16th-century Church of San Salvador is a major landmark. Bayamo was founded in 1513 as San Salvador de Bayamo. Two major anti-Spanish revolts, the Ten Years' War (1868-1878) and the successful war for independence (1895-1898), began here. Population (2000 estimate) 143,600.