VII.

Safety

Safety should be at the forefront of every camper’s mind. Each year the National Park Service warns that sunburn and sprains are the most common injuries sustained in the backcountry. Being prepared is the key. A wide-billed hat and a lightweight, long-sleeved shirt offer protection from the sun. Proper sunblock or suntan lotion is also necessary. Frequent rest stops are important on the trail. Fatigue causes campers to pay less attention to the trail, their location, and their own body, leaving them more vulnerable to accidents or injuries.

Several potentially serious conditions can occur when camping. The most common are hypothermia, dehydration, and altitude sickness. All of these are preventable with proper planning and precautions.

A.

Hypothermia

Hypothermia occurs when the body becomes too chilled to generate enough warmth for vital organs. Most campers understand that hypothermia is a danger during cold weather, but it also can occur when temperatures rise well above freezing. Most cases occur when the outside temperature is between 7° and 10° C (45° and 50° F).

Avoiding hypothermia requires several simple precautions. Stay dry and do not wear cotton clothing next to the skin, as it dries slowly and sucks away precious body warmth in the process. Eat, drink water, and rest frequently. Food helps campers maintain energy levels and stay warm. Overexertion can make campers wet with perspiration and weak.

B.

Dehydration

Dehydration, or the loss of bodily fluids, is a concern in both hot and cold weather. The condition may occur as a result of excessive sweating, overeating, vomiting, diarrhea, or heat exhaustion. It causes muscles to become weak and thinking to become confused. Campers need to drink large quantities of water before they become thirsty, because thirst is not a reliable indicator of the body’s needs. Drinking large quantities before hitting the trail helps provide the body with sufficient fluids.

C.

Altitude Sickness

Altitude sickness, also known as mountain sickness, is caused by insufficient oxygen at high elevations. It causes such symptoms as dizziness, shortness of breath, and confusion, and can strike campers at relatively low elevations of about 2400 m (about 8000 ft). Campers who plan to backpack at higher altitudes often take a day or two to become accustomed to their new environment. They hike slowly when going higher—typically gaining no more than 300 m (1000 feet) in elevation a day. If they develop symptoms of altitude sickness, they should descend to a lower altitude quickly, before the condition becomes life-threatening.

D.

Knowing Your Location

Many beginning campers worry about becoming lost in the backcountry. The key, however, is staying found. Registering at a ranger station and leaving details of the planned route and return time enable officials to rescue injured campers and locate lost parties with ease. Remaining on designated trails and carrying a map and compass help campers keep track of their location. Remaining in a group also helps campers stay found.