Tripoli (city, Libya) (Arabic Ţarābulus; ancient Oea), capital of Libya, on the Mediterranean Sea, in the northwestern part of the country. It is the largest city, a principal seaport, and the leading commercial and manufacturing center of Libya. Tripoli International Airport is nearby. Tripoli is the site of Al Fateh University; colleges of arts and crafts, electronics, technology, and telecommunications; the National Archives, with a large collection of documents relating to the history of Tripolitania; and the Government Library. Points of interest include the Natural History Museum; the Archaeological Museum; the Ethnographic Museum, with a collection of regional cultural artifacts; the Epigraphy Museum, containing inscriptions from the Phoenician, Roman, and Byzantine periods; the Islamic Museum; a Roman triumphal arch erected in honor of Emperor Marcus Aurelius in the 2nd century; the Karamanli and the Gurgi mosques; and a Spanish fortress dating from the 16th century.

The settlement was probably established by the Phoenicians in the 7th century bc as Oea. For the history of the community's development up to World War II, see Tripolitania. When Libya was granted independence in 1951, Tripoli and Banghāzī became cocapitals of the country; Tripoli was made the sole capital in the early 1970s. Since 1963 revenues from foreign petroleum sales have greatly contributed to the development of the city. Population 2 million (2003 urban agglomeration).