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Palawan, island and province of the western Philippines, between the Sulu and South China seas. The island (area, about 11,800 sq km/4,600 sq mi) is 450 km (280 mi) long and 50 km (30 mi) wide, with a mountain chain running through the center culminating in Mount Mantalingajan (2,086 m/6,843 ft). Coconut, sugar, rice, lumber, and livestock are produced here. Population (1992 estimate) 1,168,600.