Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893), French neurologist, considered the father of clinical neurology, born in Paris, and educated at the University of Paris. In 1856 he was appointed physician to the Central Bureau of Hospitals. In 1860 he became professor of pathological anatomy in the faculty of medicine at the University of Paris. Two years later he joined the staff of the Salpêtrière Hospital, and he opened the most highly regarded neurological clinic of his day. He specialized in the study of hysteria, locomotor ataxia, hypnosis, and aphasia. Cerebrospinal sclerosis was named Charcot's disease after him. Achieving international fame, Charcot became an honorary member of the American Neurological Association in 1881. He attracted pupils and scientists from all over the world. His most celebrated pupil was Sigmund Freud.