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Magnesite, mineral composed of magnesium carbonate, MgCO3. It crystallizes in the rhombohedral system (see Crystal), usually in white, compact masses. The color is white, gray, yellow, or brown; hardness, 3.5 to 4.5; specific gravity, 3 to 3.2; luster, vitreous. Notable deposits are in Russia, Austria, and Greece. In the United States it is found in Nevada and Washington. Magnesite is used for refractory linings in furnaces, as insulating material, and for preparing magnesium salts.