| Smallpox is a severe, often fatal viral disease that causes high fever and a blistering rash, which first appears on the face, arms, and legs but may eventually spread over the entire body. The rash begins as hard red lumps, called macules, which become pimple-like swellings within a few hours. By the second day of the rash, small blisters, or papules, form over the swellings and within a week the papules fill with pus to form pustules. By about the 12th day of the rash, the pustules begin to dry up and break, forming crusty scabs. Eventually the scabs fall off, often leaving deep, pitted scars. |