| Located in what is now Ethiopia and Eritrea, the kingdom of Aksum flourished from the 1st century bc until the 7th century ad. In the 4th century ad, under King Ezana, Aksum defeated the powerful Nubian state of Meroë and destroyed its capital city on the Nile. Two centuries later, under King Kaleb, Aksum occupied extensive territory across the Red Sea in southern Arabia. Shortly thereafter, however, Aksum’s power faded. |