|
1973
|
Thomas Alva Edison
|
electric lamp
|
|
1974
|
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, William Shockley
|
transistor
|
|
Alexander Graham Bell
|
telegraphy and telephone
|
|
Eli Whitney
|
cotton gin
|
|
1975
|
William Coolidge
|
vacuum tube
|
|
Guglielmo Marconi
|
transmitting electric signals
|
|
Samuel Morse
|
telegraph signals
|
|
Nikola Tesla
|
electromagnetic motor
|
|
Orville Wright, Wilbur Wright
|
flying machine
|
|
1976
|
Rudolf Diesel
|
internal combustion engine
|
|
Enrico Fermi
|
neutronic reactor
|
|
Charles Goodyear
|
improvement in India-rubber fabrics, vulcanization of rubber
|
|
Charles Hall
|
manufacture of aluminum
|
|
Cyrus McCormick
|
mechanical reaper
|
|
Charles Townes
|
maser
|
|
1977
|
Lee De Forest
|
audio amplifier
|
|
George Eastman
|
coating plates for use in photography
|
|
Edwin Land
|
instant processing photography
|
|
Charles Steinmetz
|
system of electrical distribution
|
|
Vladimir Zworykin
|
cathode-ray tube
|
|
1978
|
Luis Alvarez
|
radio distance and direction indicator
|
|
Leo Baekeland
|
synthetic resin
|
|
Carl Djerassi
|
oral contraceptive
|
|
Louis Pasteur
|
brewing beer and ale
|
|
1979
|
Jay Forrester
|
random access memory (RAM)
|
|
Robert Goddard
|
rocket science
|
|
Charles Plank, Edward Rosinski
|
improved gasoline manufacture
|
|
1980
|
Edwin Armstrong
|
frequency modulation (FM) radio broadcasting
|
|
James Hillier
|
electron lens correction device
|
|
Charles Kettering
|
engine starting devices and ignition system
|
|
Lewis Sarett
|
synthetic cortisone
|
|
1981
|
Harold Black
|
negative feedback amplifier
|
|
Chester Carlson
|
xerography
|
|
Charles Draper
|
gyroscopic apparatus
|
|
Nikolaus Otto
|
gas motor engine
|
|
1982
|
Henry Ford
|
transmission mechanism
|
|
Jack Kilby
|
integrated circuit
|
|
Ernest Lawrence
|
cyclotron
|
|
Ottmar Mergenthaler
|
linotype machine
|
|
Max Tishler
|
riboflavin, sulfaquinoxline
|
|
1983
|
Ernest Alexanderson
|
high-frequency alternator
|
|
Andrew Alford
|
localizer antenna systems
|
|
Herbert Dow
|
process of extracting bromine
|
|
Robert Noyce
|
semiconductor device and lead structure
|
|
George Stibitz
|
complex computer
|
|
1984
|
William Burton
|
manufacture of gasoline
|
|
Wallace Carothers
|
nylon
|
|
Philo Farnsworth
|
television system
|
|
Theodore Maiman
|
laser
|
|
1985
|
Marvin Camras
|
magnetic recording
|
|
Willis Carrier
|
air conditioning
|
|
René Higonnet, Louis Moyroud
|
phototypesetter
|
|
Willem Kolff
|
artificial heart
|
|
Roy Plunkett
|
Teflon
|
|
1986
|
Luther Burbank
|
strain of peach
|
|
Harold Edgerton
|
stroboscope
|
|
Wilson Greatbatch
|
heart pacemaker
|
|
Donalee Tabern, Ernest Volwiler
|
Pentothal, Nembutal
|
|
1987
|
Arnold Beckman
|
apparatus for testing acidity
|
|
William Burroughs
|
calculating machine
|
|
Andrew Moyer
|
method for production of penicillin
|
|
Igor Sikorsky
|
helicopter controls
|
|
1988
|
Frank Colton
|
oral contraceptive
|
|
Elisha Otis
|
safety elevator
|
|
Louis Parker
|
television receiver
|
|
An Wang
|
magnetic pulse controlling device
|
|
1989
|
Raymond Damadian
|
magnetic resonance imaging
|
|
John Deere
|
steel plow
|
|
Irving Langmuir
|
incandescent electric lamp
|
|
George Westinghouse
|
steam-power brake device
|
|
1990
|
George Washington Carver
|
cosmetics, paint, and stain
|
|
Graham Durant, John Emmett, C. Robin Ganellin
|
antiulcer compounds and compositions
|
|
Charles Ginsburg
|
videotape recorder
|
|
Herman Hollerith
|
punched card tabulating system
|
|
Eugene Houdry
|
liquid fuels
|
|
Percy Julian
|
cortisone synthesis
|
|
Robert Ledley
|
diagnostic X-ray system
|
|
Kenneth Olsen
|
magnetic core memory
|
|
1991
|
Willard Bennett
|
radio frequency mass spectrometer
|
|
Gertrude Elion
|
antileukemia drug
|
|
Gordon Gould
|
optically pumped laser amplifier
|
|
Leonard Greene
|
airplane stall warning device
|
|
William 'Butch' Hanford, Donald Holmes
|
polyurethane
|
|
Elmer Sperry
|
gyroscopic compass
|
|
Robert Williams
|
synthesis of vitamin B1 |
|
1992
|
Lloyd Conover
|
tetracycline
|
|
Frederick Cottrell
|
electrostatic precipitator
|
|
William Hewlett
|
audio oscillator
|
|
Benjamin Rubin
|
bifurcated vaccination needle
|
|
1993
|
Baruch Blumberg, Irving Millman
|
test and vaccine for hepatitis B
|
|
John Ericsson
|
propeller
|
|
William Lear
|
automobile radio
|
|
Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, Peter Schultz
|
fiber optics
|
|
John Parsons
|
numerical control of machine tools
|
|
1994
|
Emile Berliner
|
gramophone/microphone
|
|
Robert Hall
|
magnetron
|
|
Elizabeth Hazen, Rachel Brown
|
Nystatin
|
|
Robert Rines
|
high-resolution imaging-scanning radar and sonar
|
|
Heinrich Rohrer, Gerd Binnig
|
scanning tunneling microscope
|
|
1995
|
Joseph H. Burckhalter, Robert J. Seiwald
|
dyes for diagnosing infectious disease
|
|
Stephanie L. Kwolek
|
Kevlar polymers and fibers
|
|
Waldo L. Semon
|
polyvinyl chloride plastisols
|
|
John Sheehan
|
semisynthetic penicillin
|
|
William Stanley
|
electric transformer
|
|
Forrest M. Bird
|
fluid control device, respirator, pediatric ventilator
|
|
1996
|
H. M. Edmund Germer
|
discharge device, high-pressure vapor lamp
|
|
Ted Hoff, Stanley Mazor, Federico Faggin
|
microprocessor concept and architecture
|
|
Julius Arthur Nieuwland
|
vinyl derivatives of acetylene and methods of preparation
|
|
Arthur Leonard Schawlow
|
masers and maser communications system
|
|
Leo Szilard
|
neutronic reactor
|
|
1997
|
Edward Goodrich Acheson
|
carborundum
|
|
Robert W. Bower
|
field-effect device with insulated gate (MOSFET)
|
|
George H. Babcock, Stephen Wilcox, Jr.
|
water-tube steam boiler
|
|
Seymour Cray
|
supercomputer
|
|
Mark Dean, Dennis Moeller
|
microcomputer system with bus control means for peripheral processing devices
|
|
Robert H. Dennard
|
dynamic random access memory (DRAM)
|
|
1998
|
Henry Timken
|
tapered roller bearing
|
|
Alfred Nobel
|
dynamite
|
|
Joseph Begun
|
magnetic recording
|
|
Douglas Engelbart
|
computer mouse and development of modern computer environment
|
|
James Fergason
|
liquid-crystal display
|
|
Kary Mullis
|
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
|
|
1999
|
Percy LeBaron Spencer
|
microwave oven
|
|
Donald L. Campbell, Homer Z. Martin, Eger V. Murphree, Charles W. Tyson
|
fluid catalytic cracking
|
|
George de Mestral
|
Velcro
|
|
Gerhard Sessler, James Edward West
|
foil electret microphone
|
|
Bryan B. Molloy, Klaus K. Schmiegel
|
Prozac
|
|
2000
|
Walt Disney
|
multiplane camera
|
|
Reginald Fessenden
|
radiotelephony
|
|
Alfred Free, Helen Free
|
glucose detection for diabetes
|
|
J. Franklin Hyde
|
method of making a transparent article of silica
|
|
William Kroll
|
method for manufacturing titanium and related alloys
|
|
Stephen Wozniak
|
microcomputer for use with video display
|
|
2001
|
Robert Banks, Paul Hogan
|
polymers
|
|
Herbert Boyer, Stanley Cohen
|
genetic engineering
|
|
Oliver Evans
|
high-pressure steam engine
|
|
Thomas Fogarty
|
embolectomy catheter
|
|
Elijah McCoy
|
automatic engine lubricator
|
|
Patsy Sherman, Sam Smith
|
Scotchgard
|
|
Christopher Sholes
|
typewriter
|
|
2002
|
Raymond Kurzweil
|
Kurzweil reading machine
|
|
Nils Bohlin
|
3-point safety belt
|
|
Rangaswamy Srinivasan, James Wynne, Samuel Blum
|
excimer laser surgery
|
|
Drs. M. Stephen Heilman, Alois Langer, Morton Mower, Michel Mirowski
|
implantable defibrillator
|
|
Dr. Rodney Bagley, Dr. Irwin Lachman, Ronald Lewis
|
ceramic substrate for catalytic converters
|
|
Felix Hoffmann
|
aspirin
|
|
Dr. John Presper Eckert, Jr., John Mauchly
|
electronic numerical integrator and computer (ENIAC) data translating device
|
|
Henry Bessemer
|
Bessemer steel process
|
|
2003
|
George Carruthers
|
far electrograph ultraviolet camera
|
|
Frank Cepollina
|
satellite servicing techniques
|
|
Glenn Curtiss
|
hydroaeroplane
|
|
Maxime Faget
|
space capsule design
|
|
Leroy Grumman
|
retractable landing gear; folding wing
|
|
Charles H. Kaman
|
rotor control mechanism for rotary aircraft
|
|
Paul Kollsman
|
altimeter
|
|
Edwin A. Link
|
link trainer/simulator
|
|
Thomas Midgley, Jr.
|
ethyl gasoline
|
|
John Northrop
|
flying wing plane; all-metal high-wing monocoque airplane (Vega)
|
|
John Pierce
|
communications satellite
|
|
Harold Rosen
|
spin stabilized synchronous communications satellite
|
|
Theodore von Kármán
|
turbo jet
|
|
Hans J. P. von Ohain
|
jet engine
|
|
Richard Whitcomb
|
supercritical wing
|
|
Sir Frank Whittle
|
jet engine
|
|
Sam Williams
|
small fan-jet engine
|
|
2004
|
Frederick Banting, Charles Best, James Collip
|
Insulin for diabetics
|
|
Vannevar Bush
|
Differential Analyzer
|
|
Harry Coover
|
superglue
|
|
Wallace Coulter
|
blood counter
|
|
Ray Dolby
|
noise reduction systems
|
|
Edith Flanigen
|
molecular filters for petroleum processing
|
|
Robert Gallo, Luc Montagnier
|
HIV isolation and diagnosis
|
|
Ivan Getting, Bradford Parkinson
|
Global Positioning System (GPS)
|
|
John Gibbon
|
heart-lung machine
|
|
Lloyd Hall
|
food preservation techniques
|
|
Elias Howe
|
sewing machine
|
|
Charles Kelman
|
cataract eye surgery
|
|
Bernard Oliver, Claude Shannon
|
Pulse Code Modulation
|
|
Norbert Rillieux
|
modern sugar refining
|
|
John Roebling
|
modern suspension bridge
|
|
2005
|
Matthias Baldwin
|
various steam locomotive components
|
|
C. Donald Bateman
|
Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)
|
|
Clarence Birdseye
|
innovative food preservation processes
|
|
Leopold Godowsky, Jr., Leopold Mannes
|
color photographic film process
|
|
Robert Gundlach
|
innovations in photocopying technology
|
|
Dr. Alec Jeffreys
|
genetic fingerprinting
|
|
Dean Kamen
|
various medical devices, including the AutoSyringe
|
|
Garrett Augustus Morgan
|
three-color traffic signal
|
|
Les Paul
|
solid-body electric guitar
|
|
Jacob Rabinow
|
various innovations in Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
|
|
Glenn T. Seaborg
|
synthesis and isolation of the radioactive element plutonium
|
|
Dr. Leo Henryk Sternbach
|
benzodiazepines, a class of tranquilizers
|
|
Selman Waksman
|
Streptomycin, a powerful antibiotic
|
|
2006
|
Herman A. Affel, Lloyd Espenschied
|
coaxial cable
|
|
Karl Bosch, Fritz Haber
|
ammonia production process
|
|
Willard S. Boyle, George E. Smith
|
charge-coupled device
|
|
Vinton Cerf, Robert Kahn
|
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
|
|
Robert W. Gore
|
GORE-TEX
|
|
Richard M. Hoe
|
rotary printing press
|
|
Benjamin Holt
|
caterpillar tracks
|
|
Ali Javan
|
helium-neon laser
|
|
Dale Kleist, Games Slaytor, John Thomas
|
fiberglass
|
|
Robert S. Langer, Jr.
|
controlled drug delivery system
|
|
Julio C. Palmaz
|
Palmaz Stent
|
|
Gregory G. Pincus
|
birth control pill
|
|
Elihu Thomson
|
contributor to the development of electricity
|
|
William Erastus Upjohn
|
dissolvable pills
|
|
Granville T. Woods
|
railroad telegraph
|
|
2007
|
Paul Baran
|
digital packet switching
|
|
Emmett Chappelle
|
bioluminescence techniques
|
|
David Cushman, Miguel Ondetti
|
Captopril
|
|
Donald Davies
|
digital packet switching
|
|
John Franz
|
Roundup® herbicide
|
|
William Goddard, John Lynott
|
magnetic disk storage
|
|
Peter Goldmark
|
long playing record
|
|
Maurice Hilleman
|
vaccines
|
|
Leroy Hood
|
DNA sequencer
|
|
Godfrey Hounsfield
|
CAT scanner
|
|
Paul Lauterbur, Peter Mansfield
|
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
|
|
Robert Metcalfe
|
Ethernet
|
|
Arthur Nobile
|
Prednisone
|
|
Otto Wichterle
|
soft contact lens
|
|
2008
|
Robert Adler
|
television remote control
|
|
Ruth Benerito
|
wrinkle-free cotton
|
|
Amar Bose
|
audio technology
|
|
John Charnley
|
hip replacement surgery
|
|
William Einthoven
|
electrocardiograph
|
|
Calvin Fuller, Gerald Pearson, Daryl Chapin
|
silicon solar cell
|
|
Nick Holonyak, Jr.
|
first light-emitting diode (LED) in the visible spectrum
|
|
Erna Hoover
|
computerized telephone switching
|
|
Amos Joel, Jr.
|
switching concept for cellular phones
|
|
Clarence 'Kelly' Johnson
|
aircraft
|
|
Ray McIntire
|
Styrofoam brand foam
|
|
Malcom McLean
|
containerized shipping
|
|
Harold McMaster
|
tempered glass
|
|
William Murphy, Jr.
|
medical devices, including blood bag, disposable medical trays
|
|
David Pall
|
filtration technology
|
|
Kenneth Richardson
|
Fluconazole (anti-fungal drug)
|
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