Lesotho's Orange River, the country's major waterway, originates in the northeast, then flows south and west into South Africa. Fort Hartley, an old British fortification, remains standing in the river valley. The fort is a reminder that Lesotho was once a British protectorate called Basutoland. The British annexed Basutoland in 1868 to protect it from the Boers, the Dutch settlers of surrounding South Africa. The independent kingdom of Lesotho was established in 1966.