The ring-tailed lemur is one of about 30 primate species that live nowhere but Madagascar and some of the small islands offshore. This distribution is shared by many other Malagasy animals and plants, which have evolved during the 100 million years that their island home has been separated from the African mother-continent. Human activity—hunting and habitat destruction—has already eliminated a number of species, including elephant birds and giant lemurs. Present-day deforestation places many of the rest of Madagascar's unique creatures at risk.