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Birth
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July 12 or 13, 100 bc
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Death
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March 15, 44 bc
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Place of Birth
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Rome, Italy
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Known for
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Conquering Celtic Gaul and invading Britain
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Beginning Rome's transition from republic to empire
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Milestones
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65 bc Won election to the office of curule aedile, a director of public works; went into debt by sponsoring elaborate gladiatorial games to advance his political career
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63 bc Was named Pontifex Maximus, head of the state religion
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60 bc Allied himself with consuls Pompey and Crassus to form the First Triumvirate, in which the three men took power over different parts of the Roman world
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59 bc Served as consul, one of two chief officials in the Roman Republic
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58 bc Was appointed proconsul (governor) of Roman Gaul
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55, 54 bc Twice invaded Britain, in what was the first extension of Roman influence to that island
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51 bc Suppressed a revolt in Gaul led by Vercingetorix, king of a powerful Gallic people known as the Arverni
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49 bc Defied orders from Pompey and the Senate, and with his army crossed the Rubicon, a stream separating Gaul from Italy; conquered Italy, Spain, and then was named dictator of Rome
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48 bc Defeated Pompey at Pharsalus in Greece
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44 bc Was assassinated by a group of jealous senators including his onetime allies, Brutus and Cassius
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Quote
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'I came, I saw, I conquered.' 47 bc, on the occasion of a quick military victory against the king of Pontus in Asia Minor.
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Did You Know
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No previous Roman leader had held so many powerful offices simultaneously.
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In addition to his military prowess, Caesar was a gifted writer, poet, and scholar. He was one of the only orators of his time who could rival the Roman statesman Cicero.
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Caesar was the first Roman leader to issue coinage bearing his own likeness.
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Caesar decided to use a solar measure of time that became known as the Julian calendar; his system is the basis of the modern calendar. He changed the name of the month Quintilis to Julius (July), after himself.
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