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Known For
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Advocating black nationalism and promoting black self-respect and economic self-help
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Milestones
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1931 Lived with a foster family after his father, a preacher and follower of black nationalist Marcus Garvey, was murdered by white terrorists
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1946-1952 Studied the teachings of Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad and converted to the faith while serving a prison sentence
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1952 Became assistant minister of the Nation of Islam's Detroit mosque
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1954 Was appointed chief minister of the Harlem temple, an important New York mosque
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1958 Married Betty Sanders, who later took the name Betty Shabazz
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1964 Broke with the Nation of Islam after he was silenced for his remarks about slain president John F. Kennedy
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1964 Made a pilgrimage to Mecca and became an orthodox Sunni Muslim; on his return to the United States held the first rally for a black nationalist group he had founded, the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU)
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1965 Was assassinated while speaking at an OAAU rally in New York
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Quote
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'We can never get civil rights in America until our human rights are first restored. We will never be recognized as citizens there until we are first recognized as humans.' Quoted in the Egyptian Gazette, August 25, 1964
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Did You Know
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The 'X' in Malcolm X represents the unknown African tribal name of his ancestors, who were renamed when they were sold into slavery.
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When Malcolm X was a young boy, white terrorists burned down his family's house in Lansing, Michigan.
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