| The sun is the original source of energy in virtually all ecosystems. Producers (plants) convert light energy into chemical energy, storing it in their cells. When primary consumers (herbivores) eat the producers, the energy changes into a form that can be stored in animal cells. Secondary consumers (carnivores) transform the energy once again. Decomposers may occupy several positions in the pyramid, both receiving energy from decaying plants and animals and supplying it to detrivores and fungus-eaters. Since energy is lost in each step, populations are necessarily smaller at each higher level of the pyramid. |
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