| Malcolm X was a militant leader of the Nation of Islam, the most prominent Black Muslim organization, in the 1950s and early 1960s. In contrast to other black religious leaders of that time who espoused pacifism, he called for achieving equality “by any means necessary.” Malcolm X created a secular black nationalist group known as the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Despite threats on his life, he continued to preach this “new religion” until his assassination in 1965. |