Austrian physician Franz Fredrich Anton Mesmer pioneered the induction of trancelike states to cure medical ailments. Mesmer’s work sparked interest among some of his scientific colleagues but was later dismissed as charlatanism. Today, however, Mesmer is considered a pioneer in hypnosis, which is widely believed to be helpful in managing certain medical conditions.
Jean-Loup Charmet/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
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