| ADA |
Augusta ADA Byron (Lady Lovelace) |
1979 |
Derived from Pascal, used primarily by the military. |
| ALGOL |
ALGOrithmic Language |
1960 |
First structured procedural programming language, used mainly for solving math problems. |
| APL |
A Programming Language |
1961 |
Interpreted language using a large set of special symbols and terse syntax. Used primarily by mathematicians. |
| BASIC |
Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code |
1965 |
Very popular high-level programming language, frequently used by beginning programmers. |
| C |
Predecessor was Bell Laboratory's 1972 B Programming Language |
1972 |
Compiled, structured, programming language commonly used in many workplaces because its programs are easy to transfer between different types of computers. |
| C++ |
Advanced version of C. Developed at ATT Bell Labs. |
1985 |
C++ is used in numerous fields, such as accounting and finance systems, and computer-aided design. Supports object-oriented programming. |
| COBOL |
COmmon Business-Oriented Language |
1959 |
English-like programming language, emphasizes data structures. Widely used, especially in businesses. |
| FORTH |
FOuRTH-Generation language (4 GL) |
1970 |
Interpreted, structured language, easily extended. Provides high functionality in limited space. |
| Fortran |
FORmula TRANslation |
1954 |
Initially designed for scientific and engineering uses, a high-level, compiled language now used in many fields. Introduced several concepts such as variables, conditional statements, and separately compiled subroutines. |
| HTML |
HyperText Markup Language |
1989 |
Designed for publishing hypertext on the Internet. |
| JAVA |
Sun Microsystems developers drank a lot of coffee when coding for this. |
1990 |
Originally developed for use in set-top boxes, transitioned to the World Wide Web in 1994. |
| LISP |
LISt Processing |
1960 |
A list-oriented programming language, mainly used to manipulate lists of data. Interpreted language, often used in research, generally considered the 'standard' language for Artificial Intelligence (AI) projects. |
| LOGO |
Derived from Greek logos, meaning word |
1968 |
Programming language often used with children. Features a simple drawing environment and several higher-level features from LISP. Primarily educational. |
| Modula-2 |
MODULAr Language, designed as secondary phase of Pascal (Niklaus Wirth devised both) |
1980 |
Language that emphasizes modular programming. High-level language based on Pascal, characterized by lack of standard functions and procedures. |
| Pascal |
Blaise PASCAL, mathematician and inventor of first computing device |
1971 |
Compiled, structured language, based on ALGOL. Adds data types and structures while simplifying syntax. Like C language, it is a standard development language for microcomputers. |
| PERL |
Practical Extraction and Report Language |
1988 |
It is a text-processing language that looks like a combination of C and several Unix text processing utilities. |
| PILOT |
Programmed Inquiry, Language Or Teaching |
1969 |
Programming language used primarily to create applications for computer-aided instruction. Contains very little syntax. |
| PL/1 |
Programming Language One |
1964 |
Designed to combine the key features of Fortran, COBOL, and ALGOL, a complex programming language. Compiled, structured language capable of error handling and multitasking, used in some academic and research environments. |
| SGML |
Standard Generalized Markup Language |
1986 |
Designed as a metalanguage, it is used as an international standard for the description of marked-up electronic text. |
| SQL |
Structured Query Language |
1986 |
Designed to be used for creating complex databases and accessing data in a relational database. |
| VB |
Visual Basic |
1990 |
Sometimes called the Rapid Applications Development system, is used to build applications quickly. |
| XML |
Extensible Markup Language |
1977 |
Used for creating arbitrarily-structured documents and Web pages; it is commonly associated with the Internet. |
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