James Clerk Maxwell summarized the known properties of electric and magnetic phenomena in four equations. The first equation relates the electric field E that passes through a surface area A (such as a sphere) to the electric charge Q enclosed within that surface. The second equation relates the magnetic field B that passes through a surface area A to the magnetic charge enclosed within that surface and states that such a charge is zero, that is, that magnetic charges do not exist. The third equation describes two ways in which a magnetic field B can be induced in a circular loop l. One way involves charges moving through a wire in an electric current I and the other involves a changing electric flux. The fourth equation describes a way in which an electric field E can be induced by a changing magnetic flux. A changing flux is related to a changing field (E or B) and the surface area A through which it is passing.
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