| In the early 1870s French writer Émile Zola created a new type of novel in which he attempted to apply methods of scientific observation to describe social ills and human pathological behavior. Between 1871 and 1893 Zola wrote 20 novels in this style, which he called naturalism. Zola’s penchant for social reform and justice inspired his famous 1898 letter, “J’accuse” (French for “I accuse”), in which he accused French military and civil authorities of lying in the heavily publicized and controversial case of treason against French army officer Alfred Dreyfus. |
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