Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814), and Emma (1816) by English novelist Jane Austen are published.
1812-1815
The War of 1812 is fought between the United States and Great Britain.
1813
Simón Bolívar, South American leader in the struggle for independence from Spain, becomes dictator of Venezuela. Later, in 1817, he is elected president of Venezuela.
1814
The national anthem of the United States, 'The Star-Spangled Banner,' is written by Francis Scott Key.
1815
Napoleon I's defeat at Waterloo ends French domination of the European continent.
1816
The African Methodist Episcopal Church, a major social influence in the American black community, is organized in Philadelphia with Richard Allen as its first bishop.
1816
The East India Company decides to import opium into China.