The United States Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case denies U.S. citizenship to all blacks.
1857
In the Sepoy Rebellion, Indian soldiers revolt against the East India Company. The Sepoy Rebellion results in the British crown taking over administration of India from the company.
1858
Candidates from Illinois for the U.S. Senate, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, engage in the Lincoln-Douglas debates.
1859
The Origin of Species by British scientist Charles Darwin is published, introducing the theory of evolution by natural selection.
1861
The Confederate States of America is formed with Jefferson Davis of Mississippi as president.