| A Spanish explorer and military officer, Francisco Pizarro was known for both his courage and his cruelty. As a member of Vasco Núñez de Balboa’s 1513 expedition to the Isthmus of Panama, Pizarro became one of the first Europeans to sight the Pacific Ocean. Pizarro later gained fame for conquering the Inca Empire in Peru during the mid-1530s, opening the way for Spanish colonization of South America. |