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| Basic Facts |
| Official name |
Commonwealth of Australia |
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| Capital |
Canberra |
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| Area |
7,682,300 sq km |
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2,966,200 sq mi |
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| Australia: Flag and Anthem |
 Expand |
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| People |
| Population |
20,434,176 (2007 estimate) |
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| Population growth |
| Population growth rate |
0.82 percent (2007 estimate) |
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| Projected population in 2025 |
23,022,980 (2007 estimate) |
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| Projected population in 2050 |
24,175,783 (2007 estimate) |
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| Population density |
2.7 persons per sq km (2007 estimate) |
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7 persons per sq mi (2007 estimate) |
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| Urban/rural distribution |
| Share urban |
93 percent (2005 estimate) |
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| Share rural |
7 percent (2005 estimate) |
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| Largest cities, with population |
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| Sydney |
3,502,301 (2001 estimate) |
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| Melbourne |
3,160,171 (2001 estimate) |
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| Brisbane |
1,508,161 (2001 estimate) |
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| Perth |
1,176,542 (2001 estimate) |
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| Adelaide |
1,002,127 (2001 estimate) |
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| Ethnic groups |
| White |
91 percent |
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| Asian |
7 percent |
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| Aboriginal and other |
2 percent |
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| Languages |
| English (official), indigenous languages |
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| Religious affiliations |
| Roman Catholic |
29 percent |
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| Anglican |
22 percent |
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| Protestants |
14 percent |
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| Other Christian |
15 percent |
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| nonreligious |
14 percent |
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| Other |
6 percent |
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| Health and Education |
| Life expectancy |
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| Total |
80.6 years (2007 estimate) |
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| Female |
83.6 years (2007 estimate) |
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| Male |
77.8 years (2007 estimate) |
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| Infant mortality rate |
5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2007 estimate) |
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| Population per physician |
401 people (2004) |
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| Population per hospital bed |
135 people (2002) |
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| Literacy rate |
| Total |
100 percent (1995) |
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| Female |
Not available |
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| Male |
Not available |
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| Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) |
5 percent (2002-2003) |
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| Number of years of compulsory schooling |
11 years (2002-2003) |
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| Number of students per teacher, primary school |
17 students per teacher (1997) |
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| Government |
| Form of government |
Federal parliamentary democracy |
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| Head of state |
Governor-general, representing the British monarch |
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| Head of government |
Prime minister |
| Legislature |
Bicameral legislature |
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House of Representatives: 150 members |
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Senate: 76 senators |
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| Voting qualifications |
Universal and compulsory at age 18 |
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| Constitution |
9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901 |
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| Highest court |
High Court of Australia |
| Armed forces |
Army, Navy, Air Force |
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| Total number of military personnel |
52,872 (2004) |
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| Military expenditures as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) |
2.3 percent (2003) |
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| First-level political divisions |
Six states and two territories |
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| Economy |
| Gross domestic product (GDP, in U.S.$) |
$732.5 billion (2005) |
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| GDP per capita (U.S.$) |
$36,032.20 (2005) |
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| GDP by economic sector |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing |
3.4 percent (2003) |
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| Industry |
25.7 percent (2003) |
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| Services |
70.9 percent (2003) |
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| Employment |
| Number of workers |
10,342,763 (2005) |
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| Workforce share of economic sector |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing |
4 percent (2005) |
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| Industry |
21 percent (2005) |
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| Services |
75 percent (2005) |
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| Unemployment rate |
5.4 percent (2004) |
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| National budget (U.S.$) |
| Total revenue |
$181,841 million (2005) |
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| Total expenditure |
$190,332 million (2005) |
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| Monetary unit |
| 1 Australian dollar ($A), consisting of 100 cents |
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| Agriculture |
| Wheat and other grains, wool, beef, vegetables, fruits, cotton, sugarcane |
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| Mining |
| Coal, bauxite, alumina, iron ore, gold, silver, diamonds, petroleum, natural gas, zinc, copper, manganese, titanium, nickel, tin, lead, uranium, zircon, tungsten |
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| Manufacturing |
| Metals and metal products, food products, transportation equipment, machinery, chemicals and chemical products, textiles and clothing, wood and paper products, printed materials |
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| Major exports |
| Metal ores, coal, gold, nonferrous metals, meat and meat products, textile fibers, petroleum and petroleum products, cereals |
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| Major imports |
| Road vehicles and other transportation equipment, machinery, office equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, textiles |
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| Major trade partners for exports |
| Japan, United States, South Korea, China, New Zealand |
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| Major trade partners for imports |
| United States, Japan, China, Germany, United Kingdom |
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| Energy, Communications, and Transportation |
| Electricity production |
| Electricity from thermal sources |
91.36 percent (2003 estimate) |
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| Electricity from hydroelectric sources |
7.37 percent (2003 estimate) |
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| Electricity from nuclear sources |
0 percent (2003 estimate) |
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| Electricity from geothermal, solar, and wind sources |
1.27 percent (2003 estimate) |
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| Number of radios per 1,000 people |
1,931 (2000 estimate) |
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| Number of telephones per 1,000 people |
564 (2005) |
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| Number of televisions per 1,000 people |
746 (2000 estimate) |
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| Number of Internet hosts per 10,000 people |
1,428 (2003) |
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| Daily newspaper circulation per 1,000 people |
297 (1996) |
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| Number of motor vehicles per 1,000 people |
601 (1997) |
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| Paved road as a share of total roads |
39 percent (1998) |
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| Sources |
| Basic Facts and People sections |
| Area data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Population, population growth rate, and population projections are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International Data Base (IDB) (www.census.gov). Urban and rural population data are from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), FAOSTAT database (www.fao.org). Largest cities population data and political divisions data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Ethnic divisions and religion data are largely from the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook and from various country censuses and reports. Language data are largely from the Ethnologue, Languages of the World, Summer Institute of Linguistics International (www.sil.org). |
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| Health and Education section |
| Life expectancy and infant mortality data are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International database (IDB) (www.census.gov). Population per physician and population per hospital bed data are from the World Health Organization (WHO) (www.who.int). Education data are from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). |
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| Government section |
| Government, independence, legislature, constitution, highest court, and voting qualifications data are largely from various government Web sites, the latest Europa World Yearbook, and the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook. The armed forces data is from Military Balance. |
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| Economy section |
| Gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, GDP by economic sectors, employment, and national budget data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). Monetary unit, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, exports, imports, and major trade partner information is from the statistical bureaus of individual countries, latest Europa World Yearbook, and various United Nations and International Monetary Fund (IMF) publications. |
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| Energy, Communication, and Transportation section |
| Electricity information is from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database (www.eia.doe.gov). Radio, telephone, television, and newspaper information is from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). Internet hosts, motor vehicles, and road data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). |
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| Note |
| Figures may not total 100 percent due to rounding. |
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