Torpedo (fish)

Torpedo (fish), also electric ray, any of several related rays that inhabit warm seas and often are of large size, reaching a length of up to 1.8 m (up to 6 ft). The Atlantic torpedo, found on both sides of the Atlantic, is said to attain a weight of about 90 kg (about 200 lb). These rays have a broad, flat body with a comparatively slender tail and are of interest because of the electrical powers that they possess (see Electric Fish). An electric organ consisting of platelike cells derived from muscle tissue is found in each pectoral fin. These organs emit pulsed discharges that combine to deliver a shock of up to 200 V for about 1 second. The shocks enable torpedoes to stun faster-swimming fishes and also serve as a defense against predators. Once discharged, the rays require a rest period before they become charged again. Some smaller species are known as crampfish or numbfish.

Scientific classification: Torpedoes make up the family Torpedinidae of the order Rajiformes. The Atlantic torpedo is classified as Torpedo nobiliana.