Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl and 1st Marquess of Argyll

Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl and 1st Marquess of Argyll (1598-1661), Scottish statesman, great-grandson of the 5th earl. A Puritan, he was a leader of the Covenanters, and at the onset of the first phase of the English Revolution, he forced Charles I, king of England, to submit to the demands of the Scottish Parliament. In 1645 Argyll and his forces were defeated at Inverlochy by Scottish Royalist nobles led by James Graham Montrose. After the execution of Charles I in 1649, Argyll invited Charles II to Scotland and crowned him king of Scotland at Scone in 1651. In 1660, upon the restoration of Charles II as king of England, Argyll was arrested on a charge of having collaborated with the Commonwealth leader Oliver Cromwell in the latter's invasion of Scotland in 1650. Argyll was tried by the Scottish Parliament and was convicted and beheaded.