Article Outline
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National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
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Established in 1970, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism investigates the causes and treatment of alcoholism, and alcohol-related illnesses such as liver disease and fetal alcohol syndrome. The institute funds many studies investigating how genetics may influence alcohol abuse and alcoholism, and it also supports research to determine whether alcohol abuse contributes to other physical and mental disorders, such as compulsive gambling and other addictive disorders as well as certain cancers. It also funds research on the prevention and treatment of underage drinking.
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National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
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Established in 1988, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders supports research and research training on deafness and other disorders that affect speech and language communication. It also funds and conducts research into disorders that affect other senses, including taste, smell, and balance.
Scientists supported by the institute are developing improved methods of detecting and diagnosing cancer of the larynx, which can destroy speaking ability if not detected early enough. Other researchers associated with the institute are also working to improve cochlear implants and other devices that can restore or improve hearing ability.
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National Institute on Drug Abuse
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Established in 1974, the National Institute on Drug Abuse became part of the NIH in 1992. The institute funds and conducts research that investigates the biological, social, behavioral, and neurological effects of drug abuse, as well as the causes, prevention, and treatment of drug addiction. The institute’s AIDS Research Program addresses drug use as it relates to AIDS. The National Institute on Drug Abuse provides literature about drugs and drug abuse to health professionals, educators, and the public.
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Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences
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Established in 1968, the John E. Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences addresses worldwide health problems through research, training, and partnerships between American scientists and researchers abroad. The center collaborates with foreign governments and international aid organizations to provide research training to scientists and health-care professionals outside the United States.
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National Center for Research Resources
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The National Center for Research Resources, founded in 1990, builds and strengthens research infrastructure in the United States. It funds the development of specialized medical instruments, computer models, and other tools that scientists can share. The center also pays for the maintenance of biological materials used by researchers, such as cells, tissues, and organs. The center funds the breeding and maintenance of animals used for medical research. It also finances construction, renovation, and maintenance of laboratories at other research institutions.
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