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National Institute of General Medical Sciences
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Established in 1962, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences conducts and funds basic research that is not related to specific diseases or systems of the body. The institute investigates fundamental life processes, such as how cells function, how our bodies use energy, and how medicines work in our bodies. It also maintains a repository of abnormal cells and other genetic samples for research purposes. The institute’s divisions support research and training in three broad biomedical fields: cell biology and biophysics; genetics and developmental biology; and pharmacology, physiology, and biological chemistry.
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National Institute of Mental Health
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Founded in 1949, the National Institute of Mental Health sponsors research focused on the brain; the understanding, prevention and treatment of mental illness; and the promotion of mental health. The institute seeks to improve the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses such as depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The institute studies the biological and behavioral manifestations of mental illness and investigates the role of genetics in mental health. In addition, the institute serves as a source of information for the public about the causes and treatment of specific mental illnesses.
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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
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Established in 1950, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke directs research and research training into the brain and the human nervous system. The institute investigates more than 600 neurologic disorders, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson disease. The institute also investigates how stroke and injury impair neurological function, and it seeks methods of repairing and regenerating neurological function.
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National Institute of Nursing Research
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Established in 1993, the National Institute of Nursing Research funds and conducts research related to patient care. It supports research to establish a scientific basis for procedures that promote healthy lifestyles, reduce the risk of disease and disability, speed recovery, and improve the quality of life for those with chronic disease or disability. The institute also addresses the needs of patients’ families and caregivers. In 1997 the National Institute of Nursing Research was designated as the lead NIH institute to coordinate research into treatments that can improve care at the end of life. The institute funds mentorships and grants research service awards to advance the careers of nurse scientists.
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National Institute on Aging
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Founded in 1974, the National Institute on Aging directs research related to the medical, social, and behavioral aspects of the human aging process (see Gerontology). It also funds research on the prevention of age-related diseases and disorders, and on the special problems and needs of the aged. It is the lead government agency for research on Alzheimer’s disease. The institute’s own research is conducted at the Gerontology Research Center in Baltimore, Maryland, and at its facilities in Bethesda, Maryland.
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