Clara Barton

Barton superintended relief work in a yellow-fever outbreak in Florida (1887); in a severe flood in Johnstown, Pennsylvania (1889); in a Russian famine (1891); among Armenians (1896); in the Spanish-American War (1898); and in the Boer War (1899-1902). The last relief work that she personally directed was among flood victims at Galveston, Texas, in 1900. By this time Barton’s leadership had come under criticism from within the organization. She resigned in 1904, having outlived an era when a single pioneer could manage a growing organization. She died in Glen Echo, Maryland, on April 12, 1912. She wrote several books on the Red Cross and Story of My Childhood (1907).