Arles

Arles (ancient Arelas or Arelate), city in southern France, in Bouches-du-Rhône Department, on the Rhône River, in Provence. Arles is a port (linked to the Mediterranean Sea by canal) and a farm-trade and manufacturing center. Products include processed food, textiles, and chemicals. Tourism is also important to the economy. Points of interest include a Roman amphitheater, which held about 26,000 spectators; a Roman obelisk, retrieved from the Rhône River and now in the Place de la République; the ruins of a Roman theater, in which were found many works of art including the statue Venus of Arles (Louvre, Paris); the palace of the 4th century Roman emperor Constantine the Great; and the Romanesque Church of Saint Trophime. Parts of the wall around the old town also originate from Roman times.

During the first century bc, Arelas, as the city was then called, emerged as one of the chief commercial centers of the Roman Empire. An episcopal see from the 4th century until 1790, it was the site of several important ecclesiastical councils, including the Council of Arles (314), which condemned Donatism, a heretical Christian movement. After the collapse (476 ad) of the Roman Empire of the West, Arles was seized by the Visigoths and then by the Ostrogoths (see Goths). In 730, while ruled by the Merovingian dynasty, it was plundered by Muslim invaders. In 879 Arles was made the seat of the kingdom of Provence, and in 933 it became the capital of the kingdom of Arles, more often called the kingdom of Bourgogne. After 1246, it was included in Provence. The Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh was very active in Arles, creating more than 200 paintings here in 1888 and 1889. Population (2005 estimate) 52,600.