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Sultan

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Sultan, traditional title used by monarchs in Islamic countries. Derived from the Arabic word for “authority,” it was first used as a personal title by Mahmud of Ghaznī, a Turkic chieftain who early in the 11th century founded an empire in what is now Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The title was adopted thereafter by many other Muslim sovereigns, including the rulers of the Seljuk and Ottoman empires.



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