Newfoundland (dog)

Newfoundland (dog), breed of working dog, that originated in Newfoundland from the crossbreeding of native strains with foreign breeds, the latter possibly the Great Pyrenees or the boarhound. Most pedigree Newfoundlands of today are descended from dogs bred in England. The male is about 71 cm (28 in) high at the shoulder and weighs from 64 to 68 kg (140 to 150 lb); the female stands 66 cm (26 in) high and weighs from 50 to 54 kg (110 to 120 lb). The Newfoundland has a broad, massive head; small, deeply set, dark-brown eyes; small ears lying close to the head; a deep chest; a dense, water-resistant double coat, usually dull black in color; and a broad, strong tail. The feet are large, strong, and webbed, for traversing marshlands and shores. Powerful swimmers, Newfoundlands are known to have rescued human beings from drowning and to have carried lifelines from shore to ships in distress. Today they are used primarily as watchdogs and companions, but they were once used to draw carts and carry burdens. Because of their loyalty, intelligence, and tractability, Newfoundland dogs are ideal pets.