If f is also surjective, thus making f bijective, then S is called countably infinite or denumerable. As noted above, this terminology is not universal: some authors define denumerable ...
de·nu·mer·a·ble (d-n m r--b l, -ny-) adj. Capable of being put into one-to-one correspondence with the positive integers; countable. [From denumerate, to count, from Late ...