The English Revolution is the general designation for the period from 1640 to 1660 when a dispute between the king and Parliament resulted in armed conflict in which Puritan-led forces temporarily overthrew Britain's monarchy. It began with the calling of the Long Parliament by King Charles I and proceeded through two civil wars, the trial and execution of the king, the republican experiments of Oliver Cromwell under the Commonwealth, and, ultimately, the restoration of King Charles II. Although the monarchy was restored, the powers of Parliament were confirmed.